The oases
The western
oases consist of a
series of wind- eroded depressions in
the Libyan desert containing natural springs and well that are
bored up to a thousand meters
below ground. The water can support agriculture , but wells are scattered and
may fail. The population (more than 100000 for
eldakhla in 1999)
Is spread over wide areas with barren tracts , often formerly inhabited, between settlements.
The oases have ben inhabited since Paleolithic
times. The western desert has produced
traces of early pastoralism and agriculture , and sites comparable to but
earlier than Egyptian presynaptic cultures have been found in el dakhla. The area was important both as a staging post and for its specialized mineral and agricultural produce, such as
wine. Its economy fluctuated with that
of the Nile valley, with
which the oases traded early history is poorly. Known for the old new kingdoms’ all the main oases except for siwa are mentioned in Egyptian texts and finds have been made notably in eldakhla. They were probably all
administered by egypt . from the late
period remains are more frequent and prosperity increased until the
roman period when Greeks and members of
new religious communities
settled. Siwa was annexed permanently un
the 26th dynasty ; its population. Now BERBER- speaking was probably
always more Libyan than Egyptian.
Late antiquity brought widespread
depopulation. The oasis economy did not recover fully , so that the naturally
good conditions for preserving sits are enhanced.
Elkharga
Ain
a mur roman period temple and
settlement, halfway between el kharga
and el dakhla oases
Aing manawir Persian period temple
Hibis temple of amun 26th
dynasty , decorated by Driuos, nectanebo2nd and ptolemies. Qasr elghudida temple of amon- re
., mut &khons , 25th dynasty to Ptolemaic.
Gebel el teir rock inscriptions, 26th dynasty
to patolemic. Nasura romanperiod temple
Qaser zaiyan Ptolemaic and roman period
temple. Dush settlements and of temple
of sarapis and isis , roman period.
Siwa
Arghurmi in 26th dynasty and Ptolemaic temple , assumed to be
where alexander the great consulted the
oracle of amon umm el
ebeida temple of nectanebo 2
gebel elmawata necropolis,
26th dynasty and Greco roman n including decorated tombs, cemeteries and under decorated temples at several further
sits. Small oases with sites qaret umm el zughaiyar el areg nuwamisa, el Bahrain , sitra
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